Incandescent gas-burner.



NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

CHARLES SCOTT-SNELL, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

INCANDESCENT GAS-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 718,532, dated January 13, 1903.

Application filed February 11, 1902. Serial No. 93,586. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, CHARLES SCOTT-SNELL, engineer, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at 51 Victoria street, Westminster, London, S. W., England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Incandescent Gas Burners, (for which I have made application for Letters Patent in Great Britain, No. 17,507, dated August 31, 1901,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to incandescent lighting,in which the combustible mixture is supplied under pressure to a burner, whereby a greater brilliancy of light is obtained from the'incandescent material than is possible in the consumption of combustible at the ordinary pressure. The invention is applicable to all systems of intensifying pressure for incandescent lights, but more especially to the system in which the pressure of one or more of the components of the combustible mixture is raised automatically by apparatus within the lamp itself.

The object of my invention is to construct a burner for the above system of lighting which will draw in so large a quantity of at mospheric air that a smaller compressing plant is required to supply the necessary amount of air to'form the best combustible mixture than it has hitherto been possible to employ or alternatively such that the same compressing plant may be used to supply additional burners. In existing systems of intensified pressure gas-lighting gas is raised from the ordinary pressure of the gas-mains, which is about two inches of water,to a higher pressure, as much as eight inches water column or over. In some cases the gas is pumpedbyapower-operatedpump. Inother cases-as, for example, in the system in which self intensifying pressure lamps are employed-the pressure of the gas is automatically raised in the lamp itself by an apparatus operating automatically by the waste heat of the burner with an action resembling that of a hot-air engine. Gas at the ordinary pres sure of two inches draws into a Kern type of Bunsen burner about four cubic feet of air for every cubic foot of gas passing through the burner-nozzle-that is, with gas at normal pressure fifteen cubic feet of gas will draw into the burner about sixty cubic feei of air; but this amount of air is too small to enable the highest temperature to be obtained from the resulting flame. With gas at eight inches water-column pressure one cubic foot will draw in five cubic feet of air-that is, fifteen cubic feet will draw in seventy-five cubic feet of air. Taking, as an example, gas of the quality supplied in London, this proportion gives nearly the maximum possible flame temperature,and the object of pressureintensifying systems in use is to supply the incandescent mantle with a flame of this character. Now in accordance with my invention, as fifteen cubic feet of gas at normal pressure-4. 6., two inches water columnrequires fifteen cubic feet of air more than it can draw in at the burner at that pressure, I provide the additional air by compressing a small proportion of the volume required and causing this compressed air to flow into the burner, drawing in with it a further supply of air from the external atmosphere to make up the proper mixture.

My invention therefore consists in supplying compressed air to a burner operating with low pressure gas supply, the pressure and volume of the air being such that the combined energy of the jets of gas and air entering the burner is sufficient to induce the additional air-supply at atmospheric pressure required to produce a combustible mixture giving the maximum heating power.

The accompanying figure illustrates in part-sectional elevation one form of an improved-burner of the Bunsen type which I employ in carrying my invention into effect.

This burner is provided with a gas-nozzle 1, which is fed with gas at the ordinary pressure of the mains from a pipe 2. Around the nozzle 1 I construct an annulus 3, provided with a number of perforations 4, opening into the mixing-tube 5 of the burner. The compressed air which may be delivered from any suitable compressing appliance is introduced into the annulus 3 by a pipe 6. This pipe in the case of a self-intensifying lamp communicates with the automatic compressing appliance arranged in the top of the lamp above the burner; but where other pressure-intensifying apparatus is employed it may be arranged in any convenient manner for communication with the source of supply of compressed air. The pressure of the air may be regulated by means of an adjustable pressure-governor 8 of any well-known construction. The compressed air issues in jets into the burner mixing-tube 5 through the perforations 4, and at the same time the gas-supply enters the tube from the nozzle 1, the combined energy of the gas and air jets being such as to draw in at the burner-orifices 7 the additional air which is necessary to produce a combustible mixture of the proper proportions for obtaining the maximum heating efiect when ignited at the burner 9. The pressure and quantity of the air supplied to the annulus 3 is regulated according to the quality of the gas and the working conditions of the lamp. For example, with a burner consuming about fifteen cubic feet of London gas at two inches water-pressure in order to obtain the best mixture for combustion it is only necessary to compress three cubic feet of air to eight inches water column. Instead of supplying the additional air through the orifices in an annulus as above described I may provide a separate pressureoperating air-injector, which may be fitted to the burner-tube 5 in any suitable position.

If a parallel-tube Bunsen burner be employed instead of the Kern type above illustrated, then a slightly larger quantity of compressed air requires to be supplied to secure the suflicient induction of air from the atmosphere.

By the above-described method of compressing air instead of gas greatly increased power is obtained with existing intensifying contrivances for incandescent lighting. Thus I am able to make an ordinary self-intensifying pressure-lamp of certain dimensions capable of giving about five times the light which could be obtained if gas were compressed instead of air, owing to the small volume of air required from the compressor.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- A burner for intensified pressure-gas or vapor-lighting comprising a supply-pipe, a nozzle having a gas-passage, a mixing-tube having atmospheric-air openings opposite the gas-supply nozzle, and an annulus having a compressed-air inlet and compressed-air outlets leading to the mixing-tube below the atmospheric-air openings, whereby the combined energy of the gas and air jets is utilized to induce atmospheric currents through the atmospheric-air openings,substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES SCOTT-SN ELL.

Witnesses:

A. J. WHYTE, B. H. T. MATTHEWS. 

